The Cruelty Of Solitary Confinement Essay - 1363 Words

It was in a brainstorming situation that I discovered the topic of discussion I wanted to hear a convincing opposition against. I knew that choosing something more controversial would garner a greater opposition, but at the same time, I wanted to avoid topics that seemed almost too commonplace in assignments like this. With that in mind, I decided to hear out the opposition against my view of the inhumanity of solitary confinement. The person with whom I discussed, who will be referred to as Person X for the purposes of this write-up, believed that in certain situations, solitary confinement was a just punishment. We had this discussion waiting for our Microbiology class to begin. Bringing up random topics of discussion is not something unusual within the scope of my character, and so rather than wait for an opportunity that would not present itself, I simply asked Person X for his/her opinion on solitary confinement as a justified punishment for convicted criminals. To give the disc ussion some direction and so that I could better understand Person X’s point of view I asked some questions. The two most important I found being: â€Å"Why do you feel that it’s okay to punish people like that in some cases but not in others?† and â€Å"How long is too long?†. I found these questions particularly helpful in understanding Person X’s position because I noticed that he/she didn’t completely agree with either one side. He/she was intent on making a point based on conditionality. Although IShow MoreRelatedSolitary Confinement : A New Idea Of Punishment And Maintaining Order1708 Words   |  7 PagesSolitary confinement commits an individual to small room closed off from the world; a room devoid of light and human interaction for nearly twenty three hours a day. Not only is the morose environment and isolation unhealthy, but it contributes to increased recidivism rates, sometimes referred to as the revolving door phenomenon. Alt hough solitary confinement provides the staff and general prison population with safety, there are alternatives that can be used rather than continuing the revolvingRead MoreThe Incarceration Of Solitary Confinement1722 Words   |  7 Pagesby inmates were because they were in solitary confinement (Breslow, 2014). Although some inmates have failed at their suicide attempts, that does not mean that they have not attempted to end their lives. There is a higher rate of inmates self mutilating while being in solitary confinement than if they were in the general prison population (Breslow, 2014). This means that inmates that are isolated are more of a danger to themselves. Being in solitary confinement also attributes to personality disordersRead MoreI Chose The Topic Of Prison Psychology With A Focus On1198 Words   |  5 Pagesof Philip Zimbardo himself. The Psychology of Cruelty: Recognizing Grave Mental Harm in American Prisons. Harvard Law Review, vol. 128, no. 4, Feb. 2015, pp. 1250-1271. EBSCOhost, ezproxy.uhd.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bthAN=100940301site=eds-livescope=site. Solitary confinement expanded greatly from the 1970’s to the 1980’s as a form of punishment, in 1983, was the first use of solitary confinement as a permanent holding cell. The article then goesRead MoreAnimal Cruelty Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal cruelty is any act of violence or neglect against an animal. A few things one may have seen are an animal tied up outside for all hours of the day with no food or water or maybe a person has seen an owner purposely hit their dog. Animals, like humans, have feelings and reactions to the way they are handled: abused animals could become dangerous to society. Society most often defines animal cruelty as the infliction of physical pain, suffering, or death upon an animal when not necessary forRead MoreTheory Of Kalief Browder1324 Words   |  6 Pagesbelongings so not to have them stolen. Before getting arrested he had no ideas on prison life or the cruelty he would experience. Essentially his mind was blank going in. He did not inherit anything that could help him or influence survival in this environment so, he had learned how to survive based on the things he learned during his time of imprisonment. Equally important, his experiences from solitary confinement conditioned his suicide behavior. Growing up in Child Protective Services care due to a drugRead MoreAnimals Should Not Be Held Captivity1560 Words   |  7 Pageskeep them locked in captivity, where they are cramped, lonely, and far from their natural homes. Deprived of the opportunity to develop and reach the full range of their interests and needs, animals are often forced to live in the misery of solitary confinement. Some animals are constantly mistreated while crammed in barren environments. Inadequate living space along with separation from their natural habitat gradually leads to animals becoming enraged and violent. Destined to stage shows, they areRead MoreThe Effects Of Torture On The Society Of Modern Technology1489 Words   |  6 Pagesmental strain or damage for the purposes of obtaining information, confession, punishment, intimidation, amusement, or otherwise (Encyclopedia.com). Although, one must understand that while brutality exists, modern torture includes extensive solitary confinement, standing for long periods of time, and other psychological methods. Because of this drastic difference, there is no true definition of torture, rather a separation in it’s meaning. According to Daniel Mannix, author of The History of Torture:Read MoreThe American Penal System : The United States Essay1705 Words   |  7 Pagesperiod were utilized: jails or prisons and workhouses. The jails and prisons of that time were also used to hold the accused who were awaiting trial. Most criminals were punished using corporal punishment such as whipping, branding, mutilating, confinement in the stocks or pillory, and ducking. The typical people in the workhouses were vagrants and paupers. The workhouses were meant to repress those who were in it, but were not for taking in felons. These two institutions later came together to createRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Torture1457 Words   |  6 Pagessevere physical and mental strain or damage for the purposes of obtaining information, confession, punishment, intimidation, amusement, or otherwise. Although, one must understand that while brutality exists, modern torture includes extensive solitary confinement, standing for long periods of time, and other psychological methods. Because of this drastic difference, there is no true definition of torture, rather a separation in its meaning. According to Daniel Mannix, author of The History of Torture:Read MoreEssay on Book Blindness989 Words   |  4 Pagesto escape their black destiny and the reassuration from future hope(112). The corruption of reason can also be derived from the development of desperation pursued in the novels Life of Pi, and Blindness. Referring to Life of Pi, Pis solitary confinement seems to have a psychological effect, driving him to eat feces. This sense of indignation is also described in Blindness, considering a portion of the blind relieved themselves at any given moment. That was also due to a lack of respect for

Evening Over Sussex Reflections in a Motor Car by Virgina...

In â€Å"Evening Over Sussex: Reflections in a Motor Car† by Virginia Woolf, the narrator is riding in a car through the landscape of Sussex, as the day is approaching nightfall. In this journey, she appears to be depressed, due to the thought of aging. She then looks back into the past, contemplating her experiences, but develops a change in thought, changing from melancholy to delight, that changes her meaning of life. According to the statement by Hilliary Clark, â€Å"the process of self – othering†, what she meant is that you have to experience not only your current perception of the world, but also through other perceptions of the world, while trying to gain a new understanding of the world. Through this method, the narrator is able to experience and understand emotions that are meaningful to her. In this essay, she divides her impressions of her current self into â€Å"four selves†- the first two selves representing the decay of beauty, the third s elf being the current perspective of the narrator, with the fourth self being optimistic towards the future. The threshold that Woolf is crossing in her essay is her perception towards life and death and its significance towards the human experience, as she is using the justification that death is meaningful in our lives. Towards human perception, what Woolf is saying is that common patterns and daily routines, such as â€Å"Eggs and bacon...and then to bed,† suggests the continuation of emotion and thought that give rise to new meanings

Current Brand Positioning and Target Market of Vodacom free essay sample

The purpose of this memorandum is to analyze and explain the current brand positioning and target market of South African company, Vodacom, from previous commercial advertisements. After having analyzed the current target market and brand position we would recommend a new target market and position for Vodacom of South African’s age range, 15-55 (58.7 % of total population) and include the following segments within the market: white and black South Africans, business adults and corporations, while still including the younger more technologically friendly age group 15-24 (38. 1 % of total population). A detailed analysis on regulatory, political, social, international, and economic factors has resulted in many details that can affect Vodacom. We offer solutions to these factors below. Regulatory Factors South Africa, despite it being the most developed country in Africa, is still divided by a number of different laws and regulations put in place decades before. As a result, many races and cultures within this country are segregated from one another. We found this is where Vodacom will encounter problems because of the many different communities that all have different interest. Our advice to Vodacom would be to have an assortment of advertisements that individually targets different segregated communities in order to maximize profitability. Political Factors The political situation within South Africa today supports a presidential representative democratic republic, where the president is both head of the government and multi party system. South Africa is ranked 69th out of 176 countries on Transparency Internationals Corruption Perceptions Index 20125. 53% of South African Investment professionals are concerned about political instability in the coming year. Especially with the death of their former president Nelson Mandela, a South African icon. Corruption may affect Vodacom in terms of efficiency, resource allocation, development, and management. The inefficient allocation of resources and management are continuously harming the company. For example, allocating resources to pay off officials to benefit the business can result in short term aid, but long run harm. Development can also be a challenge due to the reputation companies receive when known for corruption. It is more difficult to find key investors when bribes and payoffs are involved, which proves to be a high factor in South Africa. I believe Vodacom would benefit (in long run) to try and stop the high corruption rate within the company. Vodacom could implement an anti-corruption policy that addresses corruption at a macro and micro level. The anti corruption policy must also apply to each section of Vodacom’s value chain, corporate level to suppliers and buyers of the company. This anti corruption policy will ensure that corporation does not create any liability that may damage sales and the reputation of Vodacom. Weak legal institutions and poor governance heighten the risk of investing. The high risks associated with investing in South Africa prove to be a problem for Vodacom, making it much harder for the corporation to grow and attract investors. A key component in any marketing/business plan is the investors, making this one of Vodacom’s more pressing issues. A solution to this problem can be locating key investors with substantial funding to benefit Vodacom even in a society with poor government. Involving key investors in promotional campaigns that would be mutually beneficial could do this. Social Factors South Africans constitute about 48,601,098 million residents according to CIA world fact book of a July 2013 census. The multiple races that make up South Africa are limited, with 79 % of Black Africans, 9. 6% whites, 8. 9% colored, and 2. 5% Indian/Asian ethnicity (2001 census). There is an assortment of languages spoken within the country but the top three languages include: IsiZulu with 23. 82%, IsiXhosa with 17. 64%, and Afrikaans with 13. 35% popularity and English at 8. 2%. South Africa’s most widely found religion is Protestant at 36. 6%. The proportion of S. Africans living in rural areas has fallen by 10% since 1994. Today, 62% of the population lives in urban areas, with a 1. 21% annual rate of change. The remaining population that lives in rural areas could pose as a threat to the range in consumers. 38% of the population could lack the proper necessities to use Vodacom. Furthermore, this market also includes the highest assortment of segregated groups. A solution to this problem is to analyze what resources are available in the rural areas and if they have the proper technology to obtain Vodacom. Vodacom could then depict the largest target market within this group and try to better position their brand to meet these consumer wants. Vodacom does not want to limit the range of potential clients due to where certain clients live. Furthermore, Vodacom could maximize profits if it made its product available to use all of South Africa, regardless or rural or urban setting. Post-Apartheid South Africa remains divided. Amongst these dividing factors is gender, geographical location, and most noticeably is race. If any one of these groups is not properly targeted, Vodacom risks losing a large percentage of potential consumers. In order to avoid having this problem, Vodacom needs to universally market its product to all targeted consumers effectively. Because South Africa has so many dividing lines, it is important that Vodacom leave out any group in order to maximize profits. International Factors Over the past decade South Africa has reduced the number of tariffs. The result of reducing tariffs is more competition and reduced cost structure within the industry. Because Vodacom used the first mover advantage when entering the South African market, they can use the tariff changes as an advantage. If Vodacom can continue to make their product cheap and readily accessible the tariff reduction could just help the company maximize profits. Economic Factors The CIA world database reports that South Africa is a middle-income, emerging market with an abundant supply of natural resources; well-developed financial, legal, communications, energy, and transport sectors and a stock exchange that is the 15th largest in the world. Even though the country possesses modern infrastructure that support a relatively efficient distribution of goods to major urban centers throughout the region, some components retard growth. GDP fell nearly 2% in 2009 but has recovered since then and is growing at a rate of 2. 5%. Unemployment, poverty, and inequality remain a challenge, with official unemployment at nearly 25% of the work force. South Africas economic policy has focused on controlling inflation, however, the country has had significant budget deficits that restrict its ability to deal with pressing economic problems. As the economy declines it decreases the amount of business for the company, which directly affects Vodacom. Now, in the age group of 15-25 is a 49% unemployment rate, so they are not necessarily the bulk of the target market. This can affect Vodacom’s future sales. If youth under 25 is unemployed how will they be able to purchase products from Vodacom? There must be a wide range of products available to meet the needs of every viable customer option. Current Target Market From analyzing Vodacom’s commercials and demographics the current target market is the developed market, specifically the white South African adult in higher income groups age range 30-54. The first two commercials represent a campaign that relates to the rugby fans, which is especially popular among people of Afrikaan descent. These two commercials focus on player 23 and a rivalry between Elton and Jan. Using the Rugby sports ties in groups that would have otherwise been divided the boundaries. The language in these two commercials is also a key factor in analyzing the current target market. The Afrikaan language was 13. 5% of the population in a 2011 census, Zulu comprised 22. 7% and Xhosa comprised 16%. The second commercial appeals the older Afrikaan audience due to the Afrikaans singing sensation Robbie Wessels. Another factor that contributes to the target market is the third commercial. This commercial is two of the six commercials that features black South Africans. This commercial specifically makes note of the lack of innovation present in South Africa â€Å"we been having it! †. The commercial is centered around the black South African official believing he is up to date with technology and communication, when in actuality he is one step behind Vodacom, the leading cellular network. Furthermore, they specifically chose one of the most famous Kenyan actors Charles Bukeko. Having a widely known celebrity in their commercial brings much positive attention to their company. The white South African adult age 30-55 is the current target market of Vodacom, which only counts for 8. 9% of South Africa. In my opinion this target market is much too small, leaving a large number of potential consumers to be attracted by competing cellular companies. Current Brand Positioning Vodacom is known in South Africa as the leading cellular company. The company also hopes to increase the number of 3G base stations within South Africa as a way to reclaim their unhappy customers and provide a more efficient service around the country. Vodacom is the leading service providing innovative and accessible products. On a lighter note, the rugby player 23 represent two opposing views uniting and riding of all prior conflicts due to a country wide sport. These campaigns provide a sense of understanding the local population, and provide trust and admiration from the local population and in return instill these qualities in Vodacom. Vodacom’s brand awareness is increasing from these tactics of appealing to the ultimate rugby fan. This is one of the many ways Vodacom has united the country in which they operate. Recommended Target Market and Brand Positioning From a concentrated analysis of the current target market and brand positioning we recommend to alter both the target market and brand positioning. My recommendations will expand the target market in order to extend potential outreach and profitability. The current brand positioning offered essential Vodacom brand strengths, but we recommend more key factors for a more appropriate brand positioning. The new target market is South Africans ages 15-55. We also recommend three specific target segments within this target market. First, Vodacom should target white and black South Africans. Second, the company should also target business adults and companies, ages 25-55. Lastly, we recommend targeting the young adults, specifically technologically savvy youth, ages 15-24. The previous Target Market was focusing on a small percentage of South Africa. Vodacom should take full advantage of the diversity within South Africa, broadening their target market in order to maximize the full potential of the company and its profits. Targeting such a small percent of the population gives way for factors, such as high unemployment in the younger generation, to make an incremental difference in profitability and success. Furthermore, black Africans account for 79% of the total population, and even though a larger potion of this percentage represents the lower class, there is still an undeniable amount of market potential within this segment. Vodacom should branch out its current target market from the upper class, which is significantly Caucasians at around 10% of the population, to the different sectors found in the developed and developing ones as well. Specifically, in the developed sector we recommend Vodacom target institutions and corporations alike thus taking advantage of this untapped market by offering special â€Å"corporate† deals to those eligible. The developed market consists of high-end business adults that incorporate the innovative individuals that are involved in current societal trends. Lastly, the tech savvy youth can potentially be a large target market for Vodacom. The tech savvy youth from ages 15-24 comprises 20. 6% of South Africa’s population. Although nearly 50% of this category is unemployed, the remaining 50% give opportunity for Vodacom to build a life-long customer/supplier relationship. This target market is innovative and ready for the latest technology to emerge. The current target market should be expanded to the developing, developed and youth tech savvy markets to reach full potential and profitability Brand Positioning is the second category that needs to branch out from Vodacom’s current positioning. The current branding position needs a little adjustment adding global brand as a main factor in brand positioning. Having a strong global brand creates a competitive advantage and most importantly a strong and positive brand image. Vodacom needs to focus on letting the customer know what and who they are: â€Å"South Africa’s leading cellular network, with innovative, affordable, and accessible products, tailored to the needs of any one South African consumer. † Next, Vodacom must deliver this message through the right channels, which will be the following: Sunday Times, Daily Suns, and Rapport. Another channel should be advertisements on buses that travel in Cape Town, the following should be used: Algoa bus company, Baz Bus, and Greyhound. A third channel that should be used is opular airports throughout South Africa: Voted top 3 in popularity I recommend Johannesburg/Tambo International Airport, Cape Town International Airport, and H F Verwoerd Airport. The above channels will simultaneously and effectively target the developed, developing, and technologically savvy youth. Another key factors needed to reshape Vodacom’s brand positioning is the way customers view their products affordabi lity. We recommend that Vodacom make it easily known and accessible to the public that they offer a variety of product options with an array of prices that can be tailored to the needs and means of any one customer. We recommend Vodacom promote this to the public by incorporating the flexibility in prices in advertisements. Marketing Mix Product Vodacom must have top of the line and most technologically advanced, yet accessible products. This product must have features that provide opportunities to communicate. Such features include: long distance calling, chat opportunities, group texting, video calling, picture/video messaging, internet, and good 4G. Due to the 3 target segments (developed, developing, and technologically savvy), Vodacom must provide a line of products that meet the needs of each market. The line of cell phones must consist of basic operating for low cost and less technologically advanced consumers to innovative cell phones for the technologically savvy consumers. First, the basic phone product line, this line will be tailored to the Black South African. We recommend targeting this product for this segment because these consumers are not looking for a high-tech cell phone. Generally, this sector needs a basic, affordable, product that can satisfy day-to-day needs. The basic phone line will include the following phones: Samsung A107, Nokia 7020, and LG Revere. The intermediate package will be targeted to the developed sector in South Africa. This will include cell phones that are more technologically advanced, yet are predominantly standard products, such as: Samsung Odyssey and the Blackberry Curve 8530. Finally, the last category will target the technologically savvy youth. This product line will be the newest and best product available such as the Apple iPhone, Samsung Galaxy, and Android. The products must also provide service plans that accommodate each target market, which is range in prices. The service plans must assist the range of market. The service plans include the following: prepaid options; basic coverage and data usage; moderate coverage and data usage; unlimited coverage and data usage; and corporate level data usage. These coverage and data services plans are catered to the target markets and each segment. Price Vodacom needs to be accessible and affordable to the target market. Due to the range in the target market, the product line must offer a range of price structures to accommodate each segment. I recommend Vodacom aggressively restructure their prices and the packages offered in order to gain full customer potential. The pricing will follow the range in products from basic being lowest cost, and most advanced product being higher costs. This range of product pricing attracts a wide range of customers from different demographics. The basic phone line products will range between 180. 00 – 470. 00 rands (19. 00-48. 00 US dollars). The moderate phone line will range between 480. 00-760. 00 rands (58. 00-77. 00 US dollars). The advanced phone line prices will range between 770. 00-1800. 00 rands (80. 00-180 US dollars). By having multiple flexible price packages offered to the customer, Vodacom gains a sustainable competitive advantage. Place Being South Africa’s largest cellular network the corporation has the resources needed to to focus on having accessibility for consumers. The product must be placed accessibly in each target markets region. First, the corporate office of Vodacom should be located in Cape Town and the warehouse within South Africa due to tariffs and taxes that can cause additional costs for Vodacom. For the developing nation the Vodacom dealers must be located near the communities centers the company developed to increase brand awareness. Strategically placing products near/at targeted customers work and social environment will inevitably increase consumer brand awareness. For example, I recommend the product stations to be located in highly populated urban areas including Cape Town and Johannesburg. Shopping centers and University Campuses in these two cities is another place Vodacom should have their products in order to reach the most consumers. These areas are often visited by the projected target consumer and offer a way for them to get to know the product before deciding to purchase it. Lastly, for the growing tech savvy age group, these interactive storerooms will be located near universities, primary and secondary schools. A few universities and schools Vodacom can place products are the following: University of Cape Town, University of Western Cape. Specifically, University of Cape Town is best known as student neighborhood as well as the presence of an international population. By strategically placing their product Vodacom should be able to increase their market size and potential. Promotion Advertising is the key promotional method Vodacom will use to effectively reach the target market. First, because sports are highly idolized by South African citizens, I encourage that Vodacom continue to use major sports figures as brand representatives. Vodacom should start a promotional campaign that focuses on having South African celebrity spokespersons, such as: Siphiwe Tshabalala famous football player, Olympic bronze medalist, Llewellyn Herbet, Charlize Theron actress, and Candace Swanepol Victoria Secret Model. I would look into using Olympic and rugby athletes in future commercials, as well as the Victoria Secret model Candace. Doing this would continue to unify the country under common variables. This would further reinforce the brand image of â€Å"unity† that Vodacom has worked so hard to achieve. Second, I would like to see Vodacom focus on promoting their restricted flexible packaged price plan. Vodacom needs to gain customers that would otherwise go to different cell phone carriers by making it not only the best cell phone carrier, but an affordable one as well. Advertisement Advertisement #1 ? Caucasian female in backgroun and African descent male and female taking a on their iphone’s. This advertisement will target the younger segment ages 15-25 that are technologically savvy. Having a white and black person in the commercial will make sure that both races are targeted. This advertisement will be aired in Aafrikan and English Advertisement #2? Any one of South Africa’s best rugby players Stefan Bason, Kabamba Floors, Ryno Benjamin, Fabian Juries and Danwel Demas could play the part in this advertisement, in addition to Candace Swanepol. In this advertisement, I would like to see one of the players checking game scores on their smart phone, just before getting on a flight with their hot South African supermodel. Key to this advertisement is uniting all the target markets through a common South African celebrity. This advertisement will target the developed segment that is on-the-go and professional. language Aafrikan and English. Advertisement #3 ? Set in a rural environment, a woman is walking with others on dirt road. The woman gets an urgent phone call resulting in saving her farm. I recommend Vodacom make this advertisement a priority, as it targets the largely untapped population in rural South Africa. The cell phone of choice is a flip phone, which signifies a less wealthy target market. The setting is important because the phone call could be made even in a remote area (good cell phone service). Finally, it shows the importance of having a cell phone through Vodacom, because without having received her phone call something bad could have happened to her farm. Conclusion We propose some changes in Vodacom’s target market. We would recommend expanding the current target market from ages 30-55 to 15-55. By doing so, Vodacom will be targeting an up-and-coming generation that is technologically advanced and furthermore has potential of growing. I would also recommend that they target not only the developed market, but the developing market in South Africa as well. This is a vastly untapped market that Vodacom would highly profit from by taking advantage of this opportunity. We also recommend that by re-positioning the brand, Vodacom can increase sales and profitability. In conclusion, the new marketing mix provides a more accurate product, price, place and promotion in order to gain a more competitive advantage and become more successful within the industry.

Edouard Manet Example For Students

Edouard Manet Biography Outline1 Biography2 Key Ideas in painting3 Famous paintings made by Edouard Manet3.1 Breakfast on the Grass3.2 Olympia3.3 A Bar at the Folies-Bergere3.4 Portrait of Suzanne Manet3.5 Bouquet of flowers Biography Édouard Manet (1832-1883), French painter and graphic artist, with his art anticipated the emergence of impressionism and became one of its founders. Practically during all his biography, Manets creativity is faced with opposition and difficulties. His father was the head of the department of the Ministry of Justice and was preparing his son for a career as a lawyer. He was an ardent opponent of art education for his son. And the young artist has to constantly struggle with the demands of an influential father, which forces him to leave the house. Innovative artwork of Edouard Manet was subjected to violent attacks of criticism, who considered the artist a rebel in art. Using and rethinking the subjects and motifs of the famous paintings of the old masters, Manet sought to fill them with a sharp modern sound, polemically introducing into the famous classical compositions of modern man (Breakfast on the Grass, 1863). Under the influence of parents, the young Manet attempts to enter one of the Maritime schools. Examination Manet does not stand. After that, he goes on a journey to the shores of South America. The journey takes place on the ship Le Havre and Guadeloupe, where the young Manet was boating and served as a cabin boy. Key Ideas in painting During this long journey, the young man made a lot of drawings. Basically, these are portraits and sketches of the crew members of the ship. After returning from the trip, he again tries to enter the Naval School, where he again fails. After a second failure, with the consent of the parents, Manet begins painting. The training, which lasted more than six years, takes place in the workshop of Tom Couture, a fairly well-known academic artist. While studying, he undertakes trips to Germany, Italy and the Czech Republic, where he gets acquainted with the largest museums and monuments of European art. The training lasted until 1856. Since the end of the period of study and until 1870, Manet continues his work as an artist. The main device, in his work, is figurative compositions and portraits. During the German siege of Paris, in 1870, the artist becomes an artilleryman and is among the defenders of the city. He tries to capture the city during his blockade and hunger. In the same years, there is an acquaintance, and the artists communication with the famous impressionists of the time, such as Monet, Pissarro, Sisley, and others. In the 1880s, while already seriously ill, Manet wrote a still life that was unusual for his portraitist style. Famous paintings made by Edouard Manet The work of this artist was not particularly recognized until the 1890s when his painting was imposed on the Louvre Museum, his friends. After that, paintings by Manet began to acquire and other museums and private collectors. Since 1881 he is sick with ataxia a violation of coordination of movements. Further life of the artist is associated with the constant development of the disease. April 19, 1883, he was amputated to his left leg, and 11 days later he died in terrible agony. Edouard Manet was the idol of those who believed that painting in France ceased to develop and needs to be updated. He did not intend to rebel and wanted his paintings to be appreciated. On May 15, 1863, the famous Salon of Outcasts opened, where artists who were denied the right to participate in the official exhibition could show their paintings. Since the number of candidates rejected by the official jury was great, Emperor Napoleon III, wishing to gain a reputation as a defender of freedoms, suggested organizing a separate exposition for them. Breakfast on the Grass It was Manet who exhibited his Breakfast on the Grass (1863) in the Salon of the Outcasts, which the critics and the public deemed absolutely inedible. Especially they were sarcastic about the fact that the gentlemen on Manets canvas, hung out in the exhibition of the so-called painting , are given in full parade, and the ladies for some reason - nude.  «In this canvas, they saw the artists challenge to common sense. Giotto di BondoneA Bar at the Folies-Bergere Folies-Berjar was one of the most famous institutions in Paris, not only because of its variety and cabaret but also because it was not rare to gather artistic bohemians. The shine of nightlife, and loneliness together with estrangement against the background of fuss and festivities these are the main leitmotifs of the last picture of Eduard Manet. As a model, Manet asked to pose for the familiar barmaid Syuzon and his friend Henri Dupre in a bar at follies. And the sketch the artist did right in the bar, to the right of the scene. Critics have raised many questions with the definition of the genre of this outstanding work of Manet. If you look closely, you can find features and genre scenes, and portrait, and still life a complete eclectic. In addition, the work is distinguished by the elegance of performance and subtle sadness. Behind the marble counter is a young barmaid, the mirror behind her back reflects a large number of visitors in the hall. It is her self-portrait. It seems, it is worth to listen, and you can clearly feel the roar and laughter of the walking crowd, interspersed with the cries of especially noisy guests. Opposite the girl is a young gentleman in a cylinder, but she does not look at the visitor her gaze is directed inward. The figure of a thoughtful girl is as if sandwiched between two spaces separated from each other by a stance: a real world and a surreal world. Hardly had they come to the Salon of 1882, the painting attracted everyones attention it was scrutinized, discussed, expressed opinions in interpretation, but unanimously recognized that the world was a real masterpiece, which should be reckoned with. Edward Manet is a painter from the capital of France, who created in the XIX century and became in those years the acknowledged founder of the new trend in art impressionism. In the period of mature creativity in 1870, the artist paints a portrait of his wife Suzanne. In general, for her whole life, she was given several canvases. But this portrait stands out with a special skill of brush, close-up and innovation of style. Portrait of Suzanne Manet â€Å"The portrait of Suzanne is executed surprisingly thinly. All attention and all light are given to the person of the heroine. The background is devoid of objectivity; it is a dark grayish background. The outlines of the upper torso of the model are written in the spirit of pencil sketches; they are also gray and plain. Only the white collar gently frames the face of his wife. Her look is calm, thoughtful, and in the eyes themselves the seal of the mysterious womans living soul. The name Monet is well-known within the art community and even in many households where art is not necessarily their main focus. He was a French painter born in Paris in 1840. He painted a variety of different subject, but one of the most dominant was flowers. In most cases, the flowers he painted were set in vases much like those you would order from your local florist, and they are all extremely pleasing to the eye. Bouquet of flowers Throughout his years as an artist, Monet produced several floral paintings. At the time it was quite a popular subject for artists to focus on. Today we still enjoy decorating our homes with floral pieces of art like pictures, photographs, and paintings. One of the most famous works by Monet is â€Å"Bouquet of flowers.† Not only do these paintings focus on the flowers but also the stunning vases in which they are arranged and the finely polished wood tables on which they have been placed.